Upon completion of this activity, you will be able to know:

1. The current criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes.

2. The current guidelines for treating macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes.

3. How to assess the importance of the therapeutic approach focused on the patient, seeking a balance between the need for tight glycemic control and potential adverse effects.

4. The current recommendations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and how to implement them in different settings.

5. The mode of action and efficacy of the different oral antihyperglycemic drugs available.

6. The drugs with incretin action and their differences.

7. The indications and contraindications of each drug, the available preparations, and upcoming new classes.

8. How to initiate and titrate oral antihyperglycemic therapy (selection of the first-line drugs, dose titration, glycemic control, second- and third-line options).

9. The physiology of insulin secretion and the physiological basis of insulin therapy.

10. The indications of insulin therapy and the available and upcoming insulin preparations.

11. How to initiate and titrate insulin treatment (selection of the pattern and insulin preparation, adjustment of diet and other hypoglycemic drugs, monitoring of glucose and dose titration).

12. The definition of failure or insufficiency of basal insulin therapy, the pharmacological options available (drugs with incretin action, premixed preparations), the criteria for selection (basal-plus, basal-bolus, etc) and their optimization, and the strategies for initiating and titrating the prandial component.